The Status of Women In the New Testament Essay Example for Free

The Status of Wo hands In the recent Testament EssayWhen assessing the history of womens billet and position in confederation, it is nonably the period of the advanced Testament which be to be a major turning point in the posture of women, and was the starting point for the near- equivalence experienced in todays society. Graham Stanton observes that The status of women was markedly lowly to that of men throughout the ancient world, including Judaism.1 Thus, by looking to the society preceding that of saviour, one can only understand what a profound influence Christ had on the previous Jewish and Greek customs of women. The society in which rescuer lived was powerfully patriarchal the worth and dignity of women was non recognized, the womens role was domesticated, to be a faithful wife and m other(a), and women who stepped outside this role were vilified. Women had almost no role at on the whole in the wider arna of social life, in governance and religious affairs 2. By looking to the sexagenarian Testament the earliest evidence of such a society is indicated in the Book of Job, and arguably the Old Testament is a record of the mistreatment of women by men. Women were considered to be the cause of evil doing, a temptation to men, and a hindrance to his spiritual life.If my heart has been enticed by a wo gentleman,or if I rescue lurked by my neighbors door,then may my wife grind another mans grain,and may other men sleep with her. ( Job 3110 -11)Better is the wickedness of a man than a woman who does goodIt is a woman who brings shame and disgrace (Sirach 4214)This patriarchal society which had no time for women in discussions, decisions or pleasures, left(p) women as objects to fulfill the mens sexual desires and produce children, they lived their lives under the control of men, primary(prenominal)ly their fathers and husbands. This belief came about from what was declared in Exodus 2017, that a woman was a possession of the husband, You sh every last(predicate) not covet your neighbours house you shall not covet your neighbours wife Indeed in Jewish religious and social law, women, slaves and bush league were often placed in the same category. The religious motiveities had little respect or liking for women, the Rabbis were cowardly of women as they were seen as a source of sexual temptation. Additionally, the Shema was not to be recited anywhere, where you could hear a womans voice or see her legs or her hair.However, there were exceptions to this initiative century treatment of women, E. Schussler Fiorenza postulates that Although in rabbinic Judaism women are categorized with children and slaves for legal and religious purposes, the biblical stories about women indicate that women were not perceived as bush league or slaves in everyday life. Such examples she uses are women including Ruth, Esther, Hannah, all of who are seen to have typical female roles and behavior, yet, they are not perceived as minors o r slaves in everyday life.3 Certainly Deborah is also an important figure for the raising of the female status in the Old Testament, she was a Judge and was consulted by the Israelites over several issues, and it can be understood that the majority of her rulings were correct.In the face of threat created by Jabin, the Canaanite king, she roused Barak to lead the Israelites into battle, and ultimate victory. Thus she was cl primeval a heroine. Certainly then, as J and K Court observe, womens status was relative and could depend on various situationors family, employment, or religious background, and rescuer preaching and teachings of affectity for all could only be possible in so far as such notions of equality are conceivable in the context of Jewish life and faith.4However, through the scriptures of the Old Testament God asks his people to set compassionately toward those around you (Deuteronomy 2417-22) but no account can be found of men respecting the benevolent rights of w omen, thus they over look Gods commands. Such a corrupt system, constantly producing injustice and fear, was in neat fill of a change. Jesus overturned the social and cultural mores of this day and challenged legalistic traditions. 5 He showed no discrimination to others and treated all persons with respect, regardless of their race, sex, age, physical condition, political preference, stinting status, or educational level.6 He told all persons, You have worth and value, and there is rejoicing in heaven when you as an individual become start out off of My family (Luke 151-10). For God created both men and women in his image, both equal and complete, God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him male and female he created them. (Genesis 127). He did not separate one from the other in the ruling of the world for one cannot function without the other, It is not good for the man to be alone. I willing make a helper suitable for him. (Genesis 218). It is this c oncept which Jesus tried to revive in his teachings.Throughout the New Testament, there are many references to women that demonstrate how Jesus reacted differently to women, and how he promoted the status of women. Jesus talks to women even though they are outcasts-much to the surprise of his disciples, as he was offending all the normal conventions.7 Jesus presents women as worthy and faithful through acts of forgiveness and numerous miracles performed on them. He also removes from women the domestic image that society had previously molded them into, and presents them as disciples equal to men, as shown in Luke 1038-42 where Jesus favors the sister bloody shame who sit down at the Lords feet listening to what he said rather than her sister Martha who was pre-occupied with the traditional female obligation of house work.Also in Luke 1127-28 Jesus states joyful rather are those who hear the account book of God and obey it rather than the woman who brings life into the world, here once more specifically telling women they are strangulate to no duty except to that of the Lord. Jesus, within this passage is shown to view women as equal to men, he makes no distinction, since Jesus main concern is to teach those who are willing to learn. This is a radical move away from Jewish thought, since up until this point it was unheard of within Judaism for a religious teacher to teach women.It is the evangelist Luke, who attends to show the most interest in women using Jesus positive references to women which were so different to the views at the time and including many unique stories of Jesus encounters with women in his Gospel that the other evangelists omit. Luke 181-8 shows a man in a superior position as a Judge supposedly working for what is true and Godly, til now, with no sense of true loyalty or justice, compared to a widow with real faith, totally committed to God. It is only through the Judges selfish need does he see that she gets justice. By putting this story in of two contrasting characters, Luke must obviously be aware of womens hard deal in society, and also aware of some mens response to the superior positions that they hold in the first Century world.Thus this story is used to illustrate the faithful and faithless. nearly of the references to women in the religious doctrine are there to portray positive examples of persons with commodious faith. Jesus welcomed the inclusion of women as disciples with the understanding(a) that they could respond with obedience and commitment to the word of God. Luke 81-3 states by name women who followed Jesus in Galilee and to Jerusalem where they were present as faithful and active servants at the crucifixion. The three women were named as Mary Magdalene, Joanna, and Susanna, who had plainly left everything and became disciples of Jesus as a result of the healing they had received from him, and followed him until the end. As Fiorenza states, the women are thus characterized as true disci ples of Jesus who have left everything and have followed him on the way, even to his bitter end on the cross. 8All four Gospels report that it was the women disciples who first saw and acceptd Jesus resurrection, however in Luke 2410-11 the male disciples did not rely them. Mark too, shows that in the New Testament writings the status of women has been improved. Just as in the commencement exercise of the Gospel of Mark, he presents four jumper cable male disciples who hear Jesus call to discipleship, so at the end of his Gospel he presents four leading women disciples. He mentions them by name which is demonstrating their importance, since one has previously noted from the story of Bethany (141-11) that the author of Marks Gospel did not always see it necessary to take the name.It is significant that in this passage of Mark 149 where Jesus pronounces that wherever the gospel is preached in the whole world, what she has through with(p) will be told in memory of her. This is in reference to the anointing of Jesus in Bethany by a woman. This verse shows to a contributor two things, firstly that from the start Jesus treated women as equals since he is willing to identify and make clear the great act that the woman has performed. Secondly it shows to one that although Jesus realised the great act the woman had performed, the author of the gospel did not believe it was worth noting the name of the woman. Certainly Fiorenza believes the name of the faithful disciple has been lost since she was a woman.9 Hence, again highlighting what the early status of women was, even in the Christian world. Also in Marks Gospel it is included the idea that Mary Magdalene was the first human to have Jesus appear to her (Mark 169).Mark writes He appeared first to Mary Magdalene but when they heard that he was alive and had been seen by her they would not believe it. in that respectfore, here clearly one can argue that although Jesus himself accepted women and believed them to be equal. Nevertheless, 169 demonstrates that despite the fact his male disciples would like to believe they followed Jesus and all he taught them, they evidently did not for they refused to believe Mary Magdalene, thus one can state from studying Marks Gospel that the author was indeed keen to encourage women into apostolic and ministerial leadership, which was a drastic change to the status of women. This is the radical difference in Jesus ministry, and the gospels will not let the Christian Church forget this, although as Stanton observes, the early church did not always follow his teaching regarding women. However, this serves only to establish the change magnitude likelihood that Jesus teachings were authentic. 10Jesus uses his power and authority to try to bridge the gap between men and women in society by his acts of compassion. He is not afraid to be touched by a ceremonially unclean woman who is suffering from a hemorrhage, or when he brings a widows utter child back t o life in Luke 711-17 which shows Jesus genuine compassion for women as he shows with men and children alike, his heart went out to her 713 and he raised her son from the dead. Jesus challenged the Jewish mentality that women as witnesses to Jesus preaching had no value or significance by drawing women to be apart of his discipleship and thereby giving a value to their presence and making them effective witnesses to his life and message. And it was Finallythe women who, drawing close to the dramatic events of his crucifixion and death, when all the disciples deserted him and fled.(Matthew 2656) and when cock denied him, followed him and were present at his crucifixion, death and burial11 they are portrayed as dedicated and faithful follows who have been able to see through their suffering.The one woman who even at the time of Jesus birth through to today holds a superior position in the church is Mary mother of Jesus. Mary is shown as a dedicated and obedient disciple of Jesus, She agreed to accept Jesus birth and to be obedient to Gods will slice knowing well that this would place her in a position of being a social outcast.12 The Gospel writers support her and highlight her considerable strength and heroism from the set about of the Gospel- Jesus birth, through to his death at the end of the Gospel. It is telling that Luke compared to Matthew tells the birth story from Marys point of view rather than Josephs, as we have seen Luke is strongly aware of the difficulties which beset women in New Testament society and hugely supports Mary mother of Jesus who he feels represents the faithful and long suffering women and disciple.In the second century document called The Gospel of Mary, written about Mary Magdalene there are indications towards the role that she carried with the disciples that is ignored in her presentation in the New Testament. We find Mary Magdalene consoling the disciples after Jesus ascension Do not weep and do not sorrow and above all do n ot be indecisive. His grace will be with you and will protect you. Peter turns to her and says Sister, we know that the Saviour loved you more than other women. Tell us those lecture of his, which you remember and know, not us.13 This shows Mary holding a somewhat authoritative position towards the disciples and the passage indicates Mary had a personal relationship with Jesus outside that with the disciples, of such an authoritative position that she holds, however, was omitted or not specified in the New Testament, although the Gospels did write that Jesus accepted her for who she was and with her past, however, they failed to assert the closeness to which their relationship is suggested to be, and it can be deduced that she (and conceivably other women) had a much more significant role in the early church than is presented in the New Testament documents themselves. The evangelists throughout the different gospels are expressing their views about the role of women through the mo uth of Jesus and his encounters with them. However, these views however honest they may seem considering the society they are writing for and are apart of, may still be somewhat constrained when deciding whether to write of a women having a greater and closer relationship with Jesus than men, would seem ridiculous and absurd to the people at that time.As Graham Stanton observes, the early church soon after Jesus time on earth did not always follow Jesus example in its treatment of women. Indeed it could be said that capital of Minnesota and other later New Testament authors reverted back to a more Jewish approach to women and therefore distanced the early Church away from all that Jesus had done to promote the status of women. However, although it is true to say the capital of Minnesotaine teachings imply that in the worshipping congregation women should not have an authoritative teaching role, thus they should not have an equal status with men within the church. Nevertheless some o f the teachings still keep the theme that in the kingdom of God any person baptized is a part of Jesus Christs kingdom and can no longer be differentiated from another Baptised believer, therefore all are a apart of one unity in Christ. Paul has thus understood Jesus essential message that all are welcome into Gods kingdom There is neither Jew not Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.(Galatians 328)However, he also establishes some rules that seem to ebb women but are actually aimed at creating order and dignity in the church. Although Paul clearly expresses his view that all people are equal in Jesus, in a letter to Timothy concerning the worship of men and women he does not deny the different roles both women and men should play, emphasizing clearly womans role of bearing children and prohibiting women to teach and lead a congregation or to have authority over a man(1.Timothy 212). It is later in his instruction to the Corinthians that Paul places restriction on what women can do women should remain silent in the churches.They are not allowed to speak he then states that A man ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God but the women is the glory of man. For man did not come from woman, but woman from man neither was man created for woman, but woman for man. For this reason the woman ought to have authority on her head because of the angels. (1.Corinthians 117-10) Pauls rules about the conditions for worship, although they may seem sexist, actually reflect the times.Women were normally covered apart from their heads and hands, however, to avoid distraction when worshipping it would be customary to cover their heads, so the only focus would be solely the Lord. Even though Paul has rules inside the equality of worship, he still stands by the view that In the Lord, however, there is neither woman without man nor man without woman. For as woman came from man. So also man is born woman, and everythin g comes from God.(1 Corinthians 1111-12)14 But it is passages such as Now as the Church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything (Ephesians 524) that have caused the most controversy and have been taken as literally wives being the husbands possession. For in traditional Western marriage services today the actors line I obeyARE often no longer included.It has been noticed that the Pauline and Petrine writers seek to limit womens leadership roles within the Christian community to roles that are culturally and sacredly acceptable. However, ironically, these claims cannot allege the authority of Jesus. The status of women in modern times has a great deal to do with Paul and other later authors teaching. Certainly the practice of women covering their head before they went into churches was a common practice up until the II gentlemans gentleman War. This shows the long lasting effect of Pauls teachings in the church on the status of women.It is i mportant that when looking at the texts written about Jesus teaching shortly after Jesus crucifixion that they must not be taken necessarily at face value, they must be interpreted in their cultural setting, so they may seem obscure to our standards and values in the twenty-first century. Even today, although huge developments have happened to the status of women since Jesus time, women are still thought in some countries to be of less social standing than their male counterparts, it is only in the developed countries that equal rights for men and women have been fought.There has been great dispute over the acceptance of women priests in the Church in the Western World. The argument against there being women priests within the Church of England, found much of its weight from the later New Testament authors, and much of what Jesus had taught was ignored. The main emphasis of the argument was placed on the idea that male and female were created to be equal but different, many against the ordination of women would have used this beginning to base the development of the role of priests as a male responsibility.Moreover, many scholars use the passage from 1Timothy28-15, I permit no women to teach or to have authority over men she is to keep silent, to suggest that women should not be in a position to teach with authority in the Church. They argue that Christ was male and chose male apostles and that females cannot form legitimate succession or play the crucial part in the sacrificial and sacramental acts of the Eucharist. 15 Peter Vardy argues that just as Christians misapplied Jesus essential message to the Jews, similarly Christian Churches and individuals have done the same to womenWomen in terms of the Roman Law were considered outclassed to men, and it was the Roman law which became the basis of the churches law. Women were also considered to be responsible for bringing sin into the world and for being a continuous source of seduction, and they were considere d to be ritually unclean because of their monthly blood flow, thus almost as definition to the Roman Law and understanding women could not be ordained simply because they were a woman, as it would be inappropriate for an inferior, sinful and unclean person to represent God. It was such strong feelings as these that became so deeply imbedded in the Churches thinking in past centuries that have remained up until today. The Church of England is currently paving the way for women bishop however there is strong opposition and splits within the church and so it could take another twenty years before a woman is made a bishop in Britain.Passages in the Bible emphasize the order of creation of men and women and reflect the household code of their positions in the family and home. because although some traditionalists still believe that women have a different role from men and are accessory to men by God, through the creation, others maintain that before God all are equal16. For women to be equal in the Christian church the very fact that circumcision was to be replaced by baptism was a very important factor. Since women now could become equal and have the same status as men did before God. Fiorenza ref? believes this generated a fundamental change in women, not only in their standing before God but also in their ecclesial social status and function. She bases this argument on the fact that previously in Judaism women could never be viewed as equal since they could not be fully initiated into the religion due to circumcision. Therefore although much of the New Testament writings show women to be subordinate to man, the actual initiation into the Church is balanced.The sense of oppression that women have felt for centuries in both religious and everyday life seems to have stemmed from the very roots of religion, in the creation story and also from the misinterpretation of Jesus words in the Bible Feminist groups both within and outside the church have accused the churc h of propagating a negative view of women.17 The Feminist run has developed today as a result of the injustices women have suffered in the past and their desire for equal rights and opportunity in the future in all aspects of life.Mary Wollstonercraft applied the principle of natural rights to women arguing that women have equal worth with men and therefore have the same rights. Today it is seen as an act of discrimination for women not to have the freedom to be ordained the last few decades have witnessed increasing sensitivity regarding womans rights and the need to redress injustices committed in the past. This new freedom has opened up new roles in all fields of work. The church although slow and reluctant to incorporate a true paygrade of women (Galatians. 328) into its institutions and rituals has finally succumbed. The position of women in the church reflects the changes in society and so today women find themselves challenging men in all walks of life.In conclusion, the s tatus of women in the New Testament has a great deal to do with how the individual authors of each book viewed women. Certainly the Gospels indicate to the reader that Jesus wished to depict women as having just as many rights as men in the eyes of God. Furthermore, he showed that he himself saw women as equal beings to men, since he allowed them to become his disciples, as in the case of the Galilean women. So the gospels project them as being Jesus true disciples. The period of the New Testament marks a significant change in the role and attitude to women, which seems to have been initiated by Jesus. It was this dramatic change in attitude to women (although the early church did not always reflect these teachings) that has finally become the standard to which modern day women aspire and society have accepted.People are welcomed by Jesus irrespective of race, status, or gender, and those who are called to leadership are chosen on the basis of Gods gracious spirit not on accidents o f birth.181 The Gospels and Jesus Graham Stanton, 1989, p1022 The Puzzle of the Gospels Peter Vardy and Mary Mills, Fount 1995 pg1703 In Memory of Her E. Schussler Fiorenza 1983, pg 1094 The New Testament World J. and K. Court, Prentice-Hall, 19905 Equal to Serve G.G. Hull 1989, pg856 Ibid7 Puzzle of the Gospels Peter Vardy and Mary Mills, 1995, pg173.8 In Memory of Her E. Schussler Fiorenza 19839 ibid pg 31610 The Gospels and Jesus Graham Stanton, OUP (1989) pg20211 Mary Magdalene and Many Others Carla Ricci, BURNS OATES (1994), pg14412 The Puzzle of the Gospels Vardy and Mills, pg17513 May Magdalene and Many Others Carla Ricci, pg14714 info from Pauls teaching on the Ministry of Women P. Nelson, Whittles Publishing (1996)15 The New Dictionary of Christian Ethics and Pastoral Theology IVP(1996) pg 595.16 Paul and the Eschatological woman R. Scroggs. Pg26617 Dictionary of Christian Ethics and Pastoral Theology pg38018 Oxford dictionary of the Bible W.R.F. Brownig. Pg 398

Enhancing Democracy in the United States of America Essay Example for Free

Enhancing Democracy in the United States of America EssayDemocracy 1 a political relation by the people especially rule of the majority b a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections 2 a political unit that has a democratic government (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary) With the 2008 elections fast approaching, and a highly fueled and hotly contested primary and general election campaign waning, the public is forced to consider the problems and opportunities in the Ameri mountain democratic system. Is there something wrong with the democratic system in the United States of America? If so, what? If there is a problem with democracy in America, what is it and how can it be fixed? The United States of America was born of an act of lawmaking designed to promote democracy. The United States has developed into a world superpower by en acting and enforcing legislation designed to enhance democracy. Today, legislation is passed by elected officials who then vote in national, state, and local legislative assemblies.In other words, voting and the electoral system, is the throttle for maintaining democracy. The United States can improve democracy by improving the voting system that facilitates the democratic process. Federally mandated voter registration Today, many men argon the beneficiaries of laws enacted giving their mothers the right to vote. All ethnic minorities are the beneficiaries of laws enacted giving African-Americans the right to vote. Voter registration is still optional, and considered a privilege. But now is the time to turn voter registration a responsibility of all American citizens.Voter registration should be treated like Selective Service registration, a mustiness for those who wish to receive any other benefits of citizenship including financial aid and government employment. It is non diff icult to keep track of eligible voters, especially in this knowledge age where all children are issued a social security number at birth. This process can be as simple as utilise the existing social security system to send registrations to those who convey reached their 18th birthday and maintaining a national database similar to the social security and selective military service rolls.Enforcement can be as simple as cross referencing social security numbers for registration upon application for jobs, financial aid, and public assistance. Compliance can be mandated by withholding benefits pending registration. This is a minimal effort and may not increase voter participation. But this registration plan could return most existing barriers to voter registration. Federal authority over state and local elections This idea expands on the idea of the federal registration system. The Federal Elections delegation already exists.With electronic voting and reporting, federal authorities should require that all state and local elections comply with the same guidelines as national elections. This would work by applying residency requirements to both congressional elections and local elections. In other words, a person registered, residing, receiving benefits in Idaho cannot register to vote in local elections in Columbus, Georgia. This just uses the wealth of electronic information captured on citizens to manage voting.This system would have to also account for citizens with multiple habitations by requiring that everyone declare a primary residence which would be the location for their voting. If they know that they will be in a secondary residence at election time, the registration system should allow them to easy request absentee balloting which could be completed by mail or turned in at a local agency of the federal climb on of election. Citizen assemblies control re-districting activitiesLegislative assemblies and committees currently control political re-di sctricting plans. In other words, elected officials decide when and how (and if) voters want, need, and get additional elected officials. Rapid economical breeding causes some districts to grow and change materially and demographically such that a single elected official cannot effectively serve the interests of the entire district. In that case citizens should have the right to send a message, at the voting booth, that they need additional representation.A citizen assembly should bring together elected and public officials, urban and economic planners, and affected citizens together to draw districting plans that represent the interests of all parties without compromising a sitting officials position or ignoring a constituents special needs. A series of re-districting alternatives can be placed on the ballot for voters to decide. Voter responsibility education Schools should be required to include a course that teaches voting rights and responsibility as part of a social studies, American government, and civics curriculum.This course should be repeated at the university level to account for alien students that will eventually become United States citizens. For older Americans who are beyond the educational system and for older immigrants, community based programs should be implemented that impregnate that voter registration is a responsibility of citzenship, not just an optional right or privilege. Tax deductible campaign donations Public financing for campaigns is in the main not a tangible benefit for lower income voters.Many may see public financing as a way for candidates who do not have their interests in mind to advance their campaigns. Allowing federal and local tax deductions for small campaign donations can help to decrease feelings of disenfranchisement of lower income voters. They have the opportunity to directly support the candidate or issue of choice, and receive a ture public benefit (both the donation and the deduction). This could repla ce the current system and be managed at the federal level as well. Conclusion The United States can enhance democracy by modifying its election system.By placing activities such as deciding on political districts and adding value to campaign donations, voters are enfranchised in a greater way. Education makes citizens understand the benefits of voting. Consolidating the registration and polling makes the system as fair and not subject to less error.Referencesdemocracy. (2008). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved October 13, 2008, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/democracy Gerkin, H. , et al. (2006). Six Ways to Reform Democracy. Boston Review, September/October 2006. Retrieved October 13, 2008, from http//bostonreview. net/BR31. 5/gerken. php

An Over View Of The Tata Motors Company Marketing Essay

An Over View Of The Tata Motors Company Marketing EssayThe concept of functions management is related to the optimum purpose of the resources in the best possible focusing.IntroductionEstablished under the parent party, Tata Group, in 1945, Tata Motors Limited has become Indias largest gondola conjunction. It was the first Indian automobile beau monde to list on the New York Stock Exchange. Tata Motors began manufacturing technical vehicles in 1954 with a 15-year collaboration agreement with Daimler Benz of Germany. This partnership has led Tata Motors to not unaccompanied become Indias largest automobile company only also Indias largest commercial vehicle manufacturer the worlds transgress five manufactures of medium and heavy trucks and the worlds second largest medium and heavy bus manufacturer. Having but entered the passenger vehicles market constituent in 1991, Tata Motors today ranks second in Indias passenger vehicle market. Tata has enjoyed the prestige of ha ving scramed Tata Ace, Indias first indigenous light commercial vehicle Tata Safari, Indias first sports utility vehicle Tata Indica, Indias first indigenously manufactured passenger machine and the Nano, the worlds least expensiveThe company that has been taken for the purpose of demonstrating operation management and its effectiveness is Tata motors India Pvt. Ltd. The fact that tata motors came up with a sm in all automobile in the Indian market and has been very succesfull it needs to be understood that what it is that instigated the conquest to such a boundry.Tata Motors is Indias largest automobile company, with consolidated revenues of USD 20 billion in 2009-10. It is the drawing political machined in commercial vehicles and among the top three in passenger vehicles. Tata Motors has products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle fragments. The company is the worlds fourth largest truck manufacturer, the worlds second largest bus manufacturer, and employs 24,00 0 workers. Since first rolled out in 1954, Tata Motors has produced and sell over 4 million vehicles in India.Established in 1945, when the company began manufacturing locomotives, the company manufactured its first commercial vehicle in 1954 in a collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG, which stop in 1969. Tata Motors is a dual-listed company traded on some(prenominal) the Bombay Stock Exchange, as well as on the New York Stock Exchange. Tata Motors in 2005, was ranked among the top 10 corporations in India with an annual revenue exceeding INR 320 billion. In 2010, Tata Motors surpassed Reliance to win the coveted title of Indias most valu equal brand in a annual survey conducted by Brand Finance and The Economic Times.Tata Motors has auto manufacturing and assembly plants in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar , Lucknow, Ahmedabad, Sanand,Dharwad and Pune in India, as well as in Argentina, southwestward Africa and Thailand.Tata Motors aimed to join on its presence worldwide. In 2004, it acquire d the Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company of South Korea. The reasons behind the acquisition wereCompanys global plans to reduce domestic exposure. The domestic commercial vehicle market is highly cyclical in nature and prone to fluctuations in the domestic economy. Tata Motors has a high domestic exposure of 94% in the MHCV segment and 84% in the light commercial vehicle (LCV) segment. Since the domestic commercial vehicle gross revenue of the company are at the mercy of the structural sparing factors, it is increasingly looking at the multinational markets. The company plans to diversify into various markets across the world in both MHCV as well as LCV segments.To blast the product portfolio Tata Motors recently introduced the 25MT GVW Tata Novus from Daewoos (South Korea) (TDCV) platform. Tata plans to leverage on the strong presence of TDCV in the heavy-tonnage range and introduce products in India at an appropriate quantify. This was mainly to cater to the international mar ket and also to cater to the domestic market where a major improvement in the Road infra grammatical construction was done finished the National channel Development Project.Tata remains Indias largest heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer and Tata Daewoo is the 2nd largest heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer in South Korea. Tata Motors has joystickly worked with Tata Daewoo to develop trucks such as Novus and World Truck and buses give awayly, GloBus and StarBus.In January 2008, Tata Motors frameed Tata Nano, the least expensive production car in the world at about 120,000 (US $3000).The city car was unveiled during the Auto Expo 2008 exhibition in Pragati Maidan, New Delhi.Tata has faced controversy over developing the Nano as some environmentalists are concerned that the launch of such a depleted-priced car could lead to mass motorization in India with unfavorable effects on pollution and global warming. Tata has set up a factory in Sanand, Gujarat and the first Nanos are to roll out summer 2009.Tata Nano Europa has been developed for sale in developed economies and is to hit markets in 2010 succession the normal Nano should hit markets in South Africa, Kenya and countries in Asia and Africa by late 2009. A battery version is also planned.Tata Motors Limited is Indias largest automobile company, with revenues of 35,651.48 crore (US$7.74 billion) in 2007-08. It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment, and among the top three in passenger vehicles in India with products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments. Tata vehicles are sold primarily in India, and over 4 million Tata vehicles train been produced domestically since the first Tata vehicle was assembled in 1954. The companys manufacturing base in India is spread across Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Pune (Maharashtra), Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) and Dharwad (Karnataka). succeeding(a) a strategic alliance with edict in 2005, Tata set up an industri al control stick venture with Fiat Group Automobiles at Ranjangaon (Maharashtra) to produce both Fiat and Tata cars and Fiat powertrains. The company is establishing a red-hot plant at Sanand (Gujarat). Tatas dealership, sales, service and spare parts network comprises over 3500 touch points. Tata Motors also distributes and markets Fiat branded cars in India.Current SituationThe Tata Motors group is a passenger and commercial vehicle manufacturer based in India. The motor group was naturalised in 1945 as part of the larger Tata Group. They have long been known for their commercial vehicles and in the past ten years entered into the passenger car market. Currently, Tata Motors has a line of five passenger vehicles and a large line of commercial vehicles producing pickups, trucks, tractor trailers, tippers, and buses. Both product lines of the Tata Motors group have seen success, but much of this has been built upon the to a greater extent deeply established commercial vehicle pro duct line.Tata Motors commercial line has been established for several years in many market segments such as Europe, Africa, The Middle East, Australia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Tata Motors has expanded their business and market share around the world through a series of acquisitions. In 2004, they acquired Daewoo commercial vehicle Company in South Korea which was South Koreas second largest truck manufacturer. This acquisition gave Tata Motors a signifi earth-closett presence in the Korean market. They have also entered into joint ventures with companies such as Thonburi Automotive in 2006, which allowed them to manufacture and market pickup trucks in Thailand.Tata Motors have been making global headlines in the auto industry of late the largest news universe their acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford. Tata paid 2.3 billion dollars to Ford for the two brands that cost Ford 5.3 billion (Carty, USA Today). This is a major step for the company because it catapults them into the luxury car business whichthey are not known for at this time. Tata, like many new businesses it acquires, is allowing this new segment of the business to be run by previous management since they have more experience in the luxury automotive business. Tata will give us some space. They want us to run our business, be a premium British car company (Mike ODriscoll, managing director of Jaguar). This is til now an separate large acquisition for the Tata Motors group and could create great success for the company in the near future.Corporate GovernanceSince Tata Motors is a part of a large conglomerate company it needs to have a strong corporate governance to ensure that its employees act honestly and the business continues to run smoothly especially during the ever changing and dynamic global economy. Tata Groups corporate governance is founded upon a rich legacy of fair, ethical, and transparent governance practices (tatacarsworldwide.com). single of the more importan t parts of this is the transparency of the company people have a right to know what the company is doing not only to ensure ethical practices, but for the insurance of their many shareholders whom have a right to know the inner workings of the companyTata has created some models for employees to guide themselves through every(prenominal)day business practices to ensure that the corporate governance is continuously being upheld. The Tata business duty model is upheld by Tata quality management services. Quality management is an in-house group dedicated to helping the various Tata companies achieve their business objectives through specific processes. The two main processes that the quality management services employees focus on are business excellence and business ethics. These two objectives have helped framing Tata into the strong, dynamic company it is today. These models are entrenched in the companys ethnical standards and Tata feels strongly about enforcing both throughout t he company. Tata quality management services plays the role of admirer and facilitator in the journey that Tata enterprises undertake to reach the peaks of business eminence while, at the same time, adhering to the highest ethical standards (Tata.com).To further prove their commitment to quality and ethical practices Tata has introduced annual quality awards for those companies conducting business with the utmost quality. These awards are called the JRD quality value awards named after the late chairmen JRD Tata. These awards are presented annually on July 29th, the birthday of JRD Tata. Tata has committed to ensuring quality and ethical standards not only within Tata Motors, but throughout their many another(prenominal) branches and sectors of the Tata Group. They have done so by benchmarking quality standards through the Tata business excellence modelas well as providing incentives for companies to strive to improve the quality of their service, by awarding JRD quality managemen t awards.Financial PositionTata Motors have increase its earnings over the years through their various acquisitions and joint ventures with truck manufacturers in Southeast Asia. Gross profit in the year 2006 was 1,160.9 million and increase to 1,510.1 million in the year 2007. Earnings after taxes also increased significantly between 2006 and 2007 increasing from 336.6 million to 405.5 million in 2007. After a large drop in revenues from 2004 to 2005 when the company first went public on the NYSE it has been increasing revenues greatly annually, from 4,422.0 million in 2005 to 7,354.0 in 2007.Core CompetenciesTata Motors is able to maintain, as well as increase, their market share by capitalizing on their core competencies. Tata Motors is active, competitive, and dynamic in all aspects of the automotive industry, which means that there must be many different activities going on in all areas of the company. As a result of the ever evolving automotive industry Tata Motors must ever so be changing and one way to stay at the forefront of the industry is to make continuous improvements in engineering science through research and development. One way that Tata Motors has done this is by producing one of the most efficient and low cost vehicles on the market. Acquisitions, mergers, and expansion is another core competency that Tata Motors has is embedded in their company structure and philosophy. Another core competency that Tata Motors holds is being located in the India. This location has allowed them to understand not only the Indian market but also the dynamics of emerging and developing markets. This market understanding and knowledge allows Tata Motors to manufacture their products at lower costs, sell them to emerging markets while making profit as well as take advantage of the strong labor base in India.PEST AnalysisPoliticalSince Tata Motors operates in multiple countries across Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Australia, it needs to pay close attention to the political climate but also laws and regulations in all the countries it operates in while also paid attention to regional governing bodies. Laws governing commerce, trade, growth, and enthronisation are dependent on the topical anaesthetic government as well as how successful local markets and economies will be due to regional, national and local influence. In accordance, Tatas headquarters in Mumbai, India, strictly controls and regulates operations in all dealerships and subsidiaries, in addition to astute and abiding by all labor laws in the multiple countries where they have manufacturing plants it has to watch political change.EconomicOperating in numerous countries across the world, Tata Motors functions with a global economic perspective while focusing on each individual market. Because Tata is in a rapid growth period, expanding or forming a joint venture in over five countries world-wide since 2004, a global approach enables Tata Motors to adapt and le arn from the many different regions within the whole automotive industry. They have experience and resources from five continents across the globe, thus when any variable changes in the market they can gather information and resources from all over the world to call up any issues. For instance, if the price of the aluminum required to make engine blocks goes up in Kenya, Tata has the option to pass the aluminum from other suppliers in Europe or Asia who they would normally get from for production in Ukraine or Russia. Tata Motors also has to pay close attention to shifts in currency rates throughout the world. Currency fluctuations can equate to higher or lower demands for Tata vehicles which in turn affect profitability. It can also mean a rise in costs or a drop in returns. But they also have to pay attention to not just the domestic currency, the rupee, but also to the dollar, euro, bhat, won, and pound, to just name a few. Just because the rupee is strong against the dollar do es not mean it is strong against all the other currencies. Attention to currency is important because it influences where capital investment will develop and prosper.SocialUndoubtedly, the beliefs, opinions, and general attitude of all the stakeholders in a company will affect how well a company performs. This includes every stakeholder from the CEO and President, down to the line workers who screw the door panel into place,from the investor to the customer, the culture and attitude of all these people will ultimately determine the future of a company and whether they will be profitable or not. For this reason, Tata Motors tends to use an integration and rarely separation technique with foreign companies they acquire. In 2004, Tata Motors acquired Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company, which was at the time Koreas second largest truck maker. Rather than using de-culturation or assimilating Daewoo, Tata took an integrated approach, and continued building and marketing Daewoos current mo dels as well as introducing a few new models globally just as it had been done under Korean management.TechnologyTata Motors and its parent company, the Tata Group, are ahead of the game in the technology field. The foundation of the companys growth is a deep understanding of economic stimuli and customer needs, and the ability to translate them into customer- longingd offerings through leading edge RD (Tata). Employing 1,400 scientists and engineers, Tata Motors Research and Development squad is ahead of the pack in Indias market and right with the rest of the field internationally. Among Tatas firsts are the first indigenously developed Light Commercial Vehicle, Indias first Sports utility Vehicle and, in 1998, the Tata Indica, Indias first fully indigenous passenger car, as well as the increasingly famous Tata Nano, which is projected to be the worlds cheapest production car (Tata). In the automotive industry, it is becoming increasingly crucial for manufacturers to stay on top of the technology curve with new problems always rising such as escalating gas prices and pollution problems. Tata recognizes this and dedicates lots of resources and time into research and development to be even with or preferably ahead of other competitors, global trends, and changing economies. In all, an automobile manufacturer must change, adapt, and evolve to stay competitive in the automotive game, and this is exactly what Tata is doing with their rapid growth, and extensive research and development.SWOT AnalysisStrengthsTata Motors excels when it comes to foundation garment through intensive research and development. Their ability to make the least expensive car on the market, the Nano which will retail for $2,500, is far beyond what any other car dealership has created. This innovation gives Tata Motors their main competitive advantage. Tata Motors makes everything from tractor-trailers to the worlds least expensive car. This product diversity grants them a competitive ad vantage over their competitors because they can take more markets and customer needs. Another strength that Tata Motors possesses is high corporate responsibility. They donate a portion of their profits from stock increases towards a specific charity. This highlights Tata Motors overall desire for community improvement while also emphasizing Tata Motors high morals and values which is something money can not buy. Tata Motors is unique in a way in which when it buys a company. Tata Motors keeps the original management of that company intact. The company that Tata Motors purchases will look exactly the same in terms of management and organizational structure as if it was never purchased by Tata Motors.WeaknessesThere are strings attached with every new invention and improvement on products. These strings are Tata Motors weaknesses and what other groups perceive as their weaknesses. One weakness that Tata Motors faces is its inability to meet safety standards. Although they have made the most inexpensive car out on the market, it has yet to pass all the safety standards which is a legal factor. Some consumers and pessimists inquire as to how Tata Motors can make such a cheap car and withstanding a car accident or not just falling apart after hitting something once. Pessimistic people also want to believe that car manufactures are already doing everything they can to keep costs low for the consumer, and if that is the case, then putting the cheapest car out on the market automatically questions if it is safe to drive.Tata Motors only have been making passenger cars for the approximately last ten years. This can be viewed as a weakness from a customer standpoint since a decade does not seem like a lot to consumers and therefore they will think that Tata Motors is inexperienced car manufacturing.OpportunitiesTata Motors has already opened the doors for many new and innovative ideas, but not only for their company, but their competitors as well which could turn into a holy terror. One of the major opportunities that Tata Motor faces is that as of right now 90 percentof China and Indias adult population do not own cars, partly because cars are costly and require more expenses after purchased. So the market for a low-priced car is huge which benefits Tata Motors perfectly since they produce the lowest priced car on the market. This is a huge hazard for Tata Motors because if they can get their feet into that market of people that do not have cars because they cannot afford them, then they will make large profits down the road. Chinas total car sales are estimated at over 8 million dollars annually and they were the worlds second largest car market in 2006. Chinas government forecasts that demand for cars will top 20 million by 2020. With Tata Motors in the market with the cheapest car, Chinas demand for cars will probably increase even more significantly which will in turn increase sales for Tata Motors. As of March 2008 Tata Motors finalized a deal with Ford Motor Company to acquire the British businesses, Jaguar Cars and Land Rover. This is a huge opportunity for Tata Motors since they will acquire the large knowledge base and technologies for producing and marketing luxury vehicles. This acquisition helps them dive into the more mature markets in Japan, Europe and the U.S. The knowledge channelize from these two companies will greatly improve Tata Motors ability to continue to grow and flourish in both developing and developed market segments.ThreatsThe obvious threat to Tata Motors is intellectual property rights. Tata invented the cheapest car on the market and every automobile manufacturer wants to know how Tata did it. Headhunters are soon going to bring out out this priceless information and make it available to their own company. This is a huge threat to Tata Motors because at first they had low competition, but once other car manufactures find out how they invented such a low cost car, and then these compani es too will jump on board and design their own line of low cost automobiles. On one hand this can be a threat, but on the other it may not affect Tata Motors at all because people will still want to purchase their product since they were the pioneers of all the excitement. Another main concern that Tata Motors faces is that cheap cars in India will have an adverse effect on pollution and global warming because most of the population will be able to afford the cars.

Relationship Between Hearing Loss and Ageing

Relationship Between Hearing Loss and AgeingFor several years auditory sense expiration has been related that come with aging. It is thought that as we age our auditory perception conventionally commences to fail. Health care victors thought that failure was a product of our individual age, such that as we grow of age(predicate) our auditory perception ability lowers. It defines as Presbycusis (age-related hearing loss) is the loss of hearing that gradually occurs in most individuals as they grow rareer. Hearing loss is a common dis pronounce associated with aging and is ranked as the third most prevalent chronic condition in elderly people after high blood pressure and arthritis. (Shemesh, 2010) Deafness is a heterogeneous condition with far-reaching effects on social, emotional, and cognitive development. (Fellinge,2012). In socio- heathenish context, social and aesculapian model both advises that deafenness also has cultural and social meaning and that the negative effects of deafness is due to sociocultural problem, such as discrimination and barriers to access, as well(p) as physiological disorders. ersatz ideas of deafness are available and can help the node to change po hinge uponively to the diagnosis and later therapeutic and educational approaches. Deaf culture has a long history of domination and downgrading its strength as a social network derives from deaf people having been thoroughly excluded from hearing culture, from education and professions. (Garden, 2010). In my invitee evidence who are deaf or hard of hearing capability difficulties such as communication stress, and unsupportive supervisors, which isolate them from community.The reason for selecting this topic is that world a nursing student, my node has listening problem and this may affect her psychological wellness so that she is associated with depression, social isolation, poor self-esteem, feelings of loneliness, and frustration . (Dewane, 2010) (American Academy of Audi ology). That customer also difficulty in explaining and sharing their problems. This paper will clarify ethical issues regarding hearing loss, its impact on forbearings mental health, interventions during hearing loss and alternatives. However, in our culture, nurses are expected to respect patients rights and treat them with dignity.During the clinical at St Vincent Nursing Home, I encountered an 83 year old female patient. She has a comorbid of angina attack, hypertension, and diabetic. She done only inter beca design her father was an engineer and migrate from place to place. She has 4 children, 2 sons were expired due to medical illness and 1 miss is an abort and one son is also. She was a teacher in past. She has a problem for hearing (unilateral). When first day I sit with my client so she said to me that I never get socialized because all people talk very softly so I am non able to listen. She also stated that I feel embarrassed when I ask the questions again and again. S o its better to sit in a room rather than disturbing others. I have also a problem for sharing my feeling to others. I spend much time in reading short story as well as religious books. I play cards and talk my son and daughter once a week.From the analysis of the scenario, in ethical issue that characterizes the topic is beneficence, nomaleficence, autonomy fairness, integrity, and respect are found in the ethical codes. While these professional and legal fundamentals can detailed as sometimes to look severe and in practice they do not cover all situations. Nomaleficence (dont harm) discusses to avoid injuring, distressing, hurting, harming, or causing a negative outcome. The opposite, beneficence (do good) are most possible to be helpful and to lead to a good effect. self-reliance (self-determination) is a really important consideration for clients, including informed consent and lack of pressure. Justice indicates that professionals treat clients fairly and do not engage in. Fi delity (faithfulness concern) is a symbol of the professional relationship. In general, mental health work with deaf people involves the same ethical principles. Ethical problems and possible solutions may affect deaf clients differently than hearing clients. (Gutman, 2005).The theoretical framework used was Mishels theory of uncertainty in illness is a good theory to use in order to prevent uncertainty by using a good communication. These theories is a part of communications and caring and Swanson as well as Kolbaca is discussing important things about(predicate) comfort and caring which is actually connected to communication. (Mattjus, 2012). In people with specific needs (refer appendices A). Occasionally hearing loss effects on mental health like depression and other disorder can occur. Inability to hear can result in feelings of shame. It is embarrassing to unable to behave according to captivate social rules. The feeling of shame related to hearing from older adults unconsci ously reacting in untimely and socially unacceptable ways, such as answering to a misunderstood question in an incorrect manner. Many elders with hearing loss take responsibility for ineffective communication and blame themselves for misconstructions caused by the hearing loss. conglomerate feel apologetic about perpetually asking for others avail to understand what is being verbalized and when theyre unable to participate in convivial events (Dewane, 2010). In my result same point of view of my client misunderstanding creates problem. Persons with hearing loss to have impaired on ADLs. An important aspect of everyday life, can be seriously impaired with hearing loss. These difficulties with communication could lead to a perceived reduction in quality of life. (Dalton Cruickshanks, 2003)Furthermore, if hearing loss is occur in patient should get high-quality nursing care, first do assessment (refers appendices B). Interview people with disability like hearing loss client (refers appendices C). Ability to communicate well and maintain good eye contact. Reduce the anxiety of a client. It is important that patients with hearing disabilities could express their needs, desires, feelings and opinions in communication with health care professionals. (Hornakova Hudakova, 2013). Listen the client actively and provide a moral support. When speaking to the client, increase volume of the voice, but dont increase the pitch and dont blackguard in front of client. Speak into the good ear, being to stay at a distance of 2 to 3 feet. Articulate words carefully, speak slowly, and retell if necessary. (Meiner Lueckenotte, 2006). Reduce background noise by turning off the radio or television. Write the words in note pad if client is not understanding through verbal. Sign language or speech reading may be used with impaired hearing. (Roach, 2001). People with hearing loss use of hearing devices, such as hearing aids. (WHO, 2014). They can also benefit from speech therapy, a ural rehabilitation and other related services. (WHO, 2014). Enhance the client body process as well as sit with client in group and remove the isolation and depression fear towards her problem which I had done my clinical rotation.In the conclusion hearing loss in older age people is common because of increase in age. Reduce the anxiety fear towards loss of hearing power. Family and society should accept that client. It is recommended that respect and dignity of clients should remain paramount at all times. As a health care professional, we should encourage the client to get socialized. We tried to find out whether the future health care professionals successfully handle the difficulties of professional communication with deaf patients. The focus has been placed on a successful and effective communication with the client.

Set Of Principles Of Right Conduct Theology Religion Essay

Set Of Principles Of Right Conduct Theology Religion EssayIt is important to us merciful know the set of principles of right conduct. The meaning of ethic commonly used now day. It includes study of universal values much(prenominal) as the essential par of all men and women, human or natural rights, obedience to the justice of land, concern for health and safety and, increasingly, as wellhead for the natural environment. The study of the general spirit of morals and of the specific moral choices to be made by a individual with ethics. It is also somewhat the rules or beats governing the conduct of a somebody or the members of a profession.Ethics generally defined as the principles of morally acceptable conduct of individuals. Ethics also means an individuals personal belief about right and wrong behaviours. In the essence of ethics, in that location some implications warrant additional con placementration. There atomic number 18 ethics in individual defined. People subst antiate ethic in an organizations and what constitutes respectable demeanor can vary from i person to another. Ethics also is relative and it is not absolute. This means that although what ethical behavior is in the eye of the beholder, it unremarkably conforms to generally acceptable kindly form.The factors that form individual ethics are in family influences. Individual start to form their ethical standards since their childhood period in response to their perception of their parents behaviors. Besides that the peer influences also the factors that form individual ethics. When children enter school, they are influenced by peers with whom they interact both day. In this human condition related with each other, bound within them is the life experiences that can be cardinal of the factors that form individual ethics. There is gobs of important life events, activities, and communication, both positive and negative that shape peoples pull rounds and influence their ethical bel iefs and behaviors. All these events are part of growing up process that melts to matureness of human person.FAMILY INFLUENCES FACTORIn the beginning of person life, family influences are more affect our ethical. Since childhood period, our response to parents behaviors will leads to positive or negative side of our declare attitude and individual ethics. Children are more likely to adopt high ethical standard if they see that their family member adhere to high standards such as being truthful and honest. If they receive rewards for conforming and punishment for not conforming to these standards there will affect individual ethics of their own.For example in my experience, family influence is the main factor of individual ethics in the cartridge clip of my growing up life. Parents tend to shape their child to be successful person in next. Therefore, proper education must have to lead the way. My parents send me to various schools during primary school. Begin with my preschool a t Chinese morning bell, study with intimately majority different coating and background make my study start with happening and fun stuff. This early factor affects my individual ethics in culture diversity in school. To respect and respond toward surrounding environment in life of different culture.Family influence in positive way will lead us to be responsible and independent person in future. My families teach me various ways to make me more alert of surrounding environment. At home, punish is important to shape a positive attitude toward older people. Parents strict at reasonable reason to teach me about respect and responsible. My family does play a major role in the way my behavior in orderliness. As we grow, we learn many things from our family that are beneficial to our society.Al roughly everything that I learn as a child comes from parenthood and how I react with my parents. My parents went through the concepts of life, and they were exposed to society as a kid and an a dult, which I learn as I get older as well. Our families, especially my parents, have a lot of wisdom about what goes on life, since they have already experienced many part to it. They are the ones who can teach us what they have learned, and they can show us how we should act, feel, and think about our modern-day society.PEER INFLUENCE FACTOR small-arm some people conceptualise that family has the largest influence on young adults individual ethics, others feel that friends have more influence on young adults. I believe that friends extend a stronger influence on young adults rather than family because of the amount of time spent with friends, and the fact that peer pressure can be one of the strongest influences that a young adult will face.First, young adults spend a lot of time with their friends. Young children spend the majority of their time with family unless they are in school, which means family exerts the greatest amount of influence. However, as children enter their t eenage years, they tend to spend most of their free time outside the house with their friends. Whether fighting against agnatic influence and control or just trying to make friends, teenagers spend a great deal of time interacting with their peers as they develop their own sense datum of morals and values. For example, once I entered high school I often spent time away from home perusal with friends at their house. After studying we switch to science experiments, which usually knotted competitions to see whose homemade rocket would fly the highest. While maybe an uncommon hobby, we found our parents often did not pull ahead us to explore our interests in science and became more influenced by each other rather than our respective families.Second, peer pressure can be one of the strongest influences that teenagers face. Most new experiences that young adults face are the end result of peer pressure. What one teenager thinks is cool is forced on to others in disposition to fit in . For example, the counterbalance cigarette I tried was due to the pressure of a classmate in high school. Later in university, the first disco music party I tried was at the urging of classmate that discovered I had never been to the club to have fun. While parents also encourage their children it is usually for an entirely different reason, not wanting their children to embarrass them. accomplice pressure also acts to be a major influence, even into adult life.In short, age family influences children the most, as children grow up and become young adults the strongest influences becomes their friends. Teenagers spend the majority of their time with friends, rather than family, so it is only natural that they are a stronger influence. Peer pressure also forces teenagers to try and fit in with their peers, an influence that is much stronger than family to form individual ethics.LIFE EXPERIENCE FACTORLots of important events, both positive and negative, shape peoples lives and in fluences their ethical beliefs and behavior. These events are a part of growing up and maturing. For example, people who steals something and does not get caught feel without any remorse and continue to steal. However, a person who is caught stealing may feel guilty enough to revise his ethical standards and not steal in the future. Ethical in live experience are not merely bound with each other, a yes or a no choice. Ethical decisions in life experience also are not simple choices between right and wrong. They are much more difficult to make when the person who make the decision is personally involved in the situation. The judgments are complex to balance between the feeling and social performances from the life experience.For example, all was well till I came across this teacher in my junior high. Since when I was young, my anticipation was to become a networking analysis, an engineer to be precise, I always got fascinated with the way engineers carried themselves and the driving force they had in them. cognise the force to save lives and improve the health conditions of mankind was their major name and address, I envied the engineers and I promised myself that before I joined my ancestors and forefathers I had to be one of the most prominent network engineers for a specific well to do firm. Thank to my brothers they had a friend who was a engineers whom I would accompany in a consider of times to the his work place and spend a few times with him to see how he conducted his daily activities. I was even ready to defer from my studies if soulfulness would give me an opportunity to work and run from him. But I knew that the road into becoming a renowned engineer was a rough one, it needed determination, assiduity and hard-work. As indicated earlier, everything was flowing smoothly and all those close to me knew that I had to achieve my goal in one way or the other.In my junior high secondary school, I attended a technical course symposium that was held in our state and all the students were requested to attend because it would shed some light on them. We had a number of professionals from almost all fields and walks of life and they took most of their time explaining what their careers involved and the number of challenges they are faced with daily. One of the professionals in the symposium was the IT Engineers. The first thing that came into me after my experience with him was to be like him. I was entrenched by the life history of this Engineer and the difficulties he had to undergo before he could finally succeed. Without the trust his family and friends had in him, he could not have reached where he was. Joining the high school that I joined was the greatest mistake I ever did in my life which I believe will haunt me to my grave. My junior high secondary school despite it being a well performing school, we lacked counseling sessions, and we had no one to run to when we needed guidance, especially guidance that is related to caree r choice.Similarly, the environment we were presented with was not favorable, emphasis was put on science subjects while the art based subjects were disregarded, they were considered feminine. This is an experience that made me doubt the curriculum we were using if the administration considered other subjects to be more powerful than others. These completely life experiences make me more respond to surrounding environment. No doubt it affects my individual ethics through making decision on my own. To achieve goal we must gain lots of knowledge and information without giving up in life so easily.RULE OF LAWThe law is a unchanging set of universal rules established to govern societal behavior. These rules are widely published, generally accepted and usually enforced. The law as a possible foot for making managerial decisions when one is confronted with an individual ethics. The law also can be used as guide to moral choices. This is because when faced with a engagement between an organization such as school and working place. We should let the law decide, particularly in democratic society, where the argument can easily be made that the rules within the law represent the collective judgments made by member of the society. The rule of law specified a set of requirement which lawgiver must respect if they are to govern legally.Nevertheless, the rules of law restrict the illegal or extra legal use of power. When a society rules by law, there are clear rules articulating the behavior appropriate for citizens and officials. Such rules ideally determine the particular contours governmental relationship will take. When the requirements of the rule of law are respected, the political relationship between the legal system constitutively express the moral values of reciprocity and respect for autonomy. We should look out these collective judgments, instead of trying to establish our own moral opinions.For example, during my primary school time, I abide by the rule and moral value for not doing something against the law. Every student must know the root of the rule of law during school period. These will make us more discipline and more responsible to others student in our school. Not to fight with each other, finish homework early and do not litter rubbish in school area. Teachers at school will guide us to follow a good moral choice that related to the rule of law. Rule of law truly serve to combine the personal moral standards of the majority of the tribe into universal legal requirements. The view that the law does represent collective moral judgment is certainly appealing.My secondary school period was crucial time for me. The time to choose what I am really gets into study. My family influences me a lot in making decision. They want me to be independent and responsible person for my better future living. Father always remind me, to be successful person, we must never give up. Hardworking is the key to success. When the time to study, b e focus in what teachers tract and teach so that we can learn and understand better. For me, hardworking is the hardest process to learn. Friends and peers influence really make my school life full of joy and fun. use up and knowledge at school left behind while enjoy is the most important part in my secondary school at that time. sayEthics is an individuals personal belief about right and wrong behaviors. Ethics refers to individual personal beliefs about right and wrong behavior. Individual ethics is wrought by a combination of factors such as influences of family these related to principles of morally acceptable conduct of individual ethic. Moral reasoning provides reasons and grounds for determining whether an act is morally right or wrong. Some theorists argue that there is one universal moral standard for everyone (moral absolutism), while others argue that no such standard exists (moral relativism). Some moralists hold that certain actions are wrong in themselves. Others believe that no action can be judged immoral in itself since circumstances and social conditions play the decisive role in determining whether or not a given action is right or wrong.From this ethics there are factors that form individual ethics. Family influence that is starting to form their ethical standards since their childhood period in response to their perception of their parents behaviors. The factor from peer influence that friends provide a stronger influence on young adults rather than family because of the amount of time spent with friends, and the fact that peer pressure can be one of the strongest influences that a young adult through youth life. Meanwhile, the life experience will shape peoples lives and influences their ethical beliefs and behavior. These events are a part of growing up and maturing. standstill on my experience the law is a consistent set of universal rules established to govern social behavior. These rules generally accepted and usually enforced t he law as a possible basis for making individual and managerial decisions when one is confronted with an individual ethics. The law also can be used as guide to moral choices. Society established rules reflect the collective choices of members of that society regarding any decisions and actions that affect its welfare. Some changes in the norms, moral value of individual members of society are eventually reflected by changes in the rule of law.(2552 words)

The Christian Perspective in An Essay on Man -- Alexander Pope Essay o

The Christian Perspective in An try on on Man Some might argue that Alexander Popes An Essay on Man presents the viewpoint of a deist. Others might acquire that the poem fails to exhibit Christian concepts of good and evil, especially since the poet concludes his first epistle with the seemingly unchristian claim that whatever IS, is Right (I. 1. 294). Yet Popes arguments actually reflect a traditional Christian perspective, which can be verified by comparing his poem with impudent Testament teachings. In his attempt to vindicate God in the face of suffering, he does not, like the pantheist, rule out the world of evil. Pope knows that men atomic number 18 capable of vice and that suffering is real. Pope does not argue that evil does not exist rather he argues that its existence does not preclude the evaluator of God. Like the writers of the New Testament, particularly the apostle Paul, Pope claims that pride and envy leads humanity to question the justice of God, and he ins ists that men submit to God, remaining content with their lot in life. Although Pope claims that one truth is clear, Whatever IS, is RIGHT (I. 1.294), he recognizes suffering But errs not nature from this gracious end,From burning suns when livid deaths descend,When earthquakes swallow, or when tempest adoptTowns to one grave, whole nations to the deep? (I. ll. 140-143) Pope does not only acknowledge the existence of evil. He describes it in vivid detail. In the above passage, he paints a horrid picture of plagues caused by excessive heat, of destructive earthquakes, and of storms that decimate entire towns and nations. He writes too of Ammon, who was turned loose to scourge mankind (I. l. 160). He may argue that nature does not err t... ...realizes this himself for a moment at the end of the second epistle. For he does not conclude by attempting to explain the existence of evil. Rather, he says only that one comfort still must rise, / Tis this, Tho Mans a fool, yet GOD IS WIS E (II. ll. 292-293). In the end, it is better to believe that every man (including Pope) is a fool for failing to explain evil than to believe that God is not wise for allowing it. This couplet is one further proof of the Christian operate in Popes An Essay on Man. In the Epistle to the Romans, Paul writes Let God be true, but every man a liar (Romans 34). plant life Cited Pope, Alexander. An Essay on Man. Ed. Gordon N. Ray. Boston Houghton Miflin Company, 1969. The New American Bible. Nashville Catholic Publishers, Inc., 1971. The King James Bible. Cleveland The World Publishing Company, 1967.

Australian Camels Essay -- Animals Papers

Australian Camels The hold waterstock of man has been distributed throughout the world. Horses, cattle, sheep, pigs and goats can be found on every continent of the planet, with the exception of Antarctica. These parking lot animals supply man with food, materials, and transportation. For thousands of years men have bred these animals for specific purposes. Horses have been bred for work and racing. Cattle have been selectively bred to supply more meat and live in different conditions. Higher quality wool and meat production is the goal of sheep breeders. Yet all of these selectively bred, finely tuned animals require many hours of charge to. Also, they are limited to living in relatively hospitable environments. The Australian outback is a vicious, unforgiving place. Early explorers discovered this the hard way. Many an palsied equipped man perished in the deserts of Australia. The camel was the solution for desert transportation in Australia. Big, ugly and rude, these magnificent beasts thrive in the vast arid regions of the bring down Down Under. Origins of Camels It is widely believed that camels evolved in northwest America. The fossil record supports that the family Camelidae and their immediate ancestors evolved almost exclusively in North America. From the upper Eocene time through the Tertiary period into the Pelsitocene epoch, a period about 40 million years ago, they evolved from the size of small rabbits into the modern beasts of over 2 meters tall today. 1 From North America cameloids gradually dispersed throughout South America, developing into alpacas (L. pacos), guanacos (L. guanicoe), llamas (L. peruana), and vicunas (V. vicugna). Today there are two modern types of... ...12 Kimber, R.G. Man from Arltunga. Hesperian Press. Victoria. 1986. p. 44-4513 Visconti, M., The Afghans and Their Camels in Australia. Antipodes. June 2000. p. 19-2014 Alice Springs government Website-History15 Calamunda Camel Farm and Tearooms-Ships of the Desert16 McKnight, T., The Camel in Australia. Melbourne University Press. Carlton, 1969p. 817 Calamunda Camel Farm and Tearooms-Ships of the Desert18 McKnight, T., The Camel in Australia. Melbourne University Press. Carlton, 1969p. 8-919 Calamunda Camel Farm and Tearooms-Ships of the Desert20 Camels Australia trade -History21 Calamunda Camel Farm and Tearooms-Uses22 Calamunda Camel Farm and Tearooms-Uses23 Camels Australia Export -Products24 Camels Australia Export -Products25 Camels Australia Export Capture and Handling